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The first component of the Hoover Project on Commercializing Innovation focuses on the United States intellectual property system and the various ways the private and public sectors can work to facilitate the complex processes of innovation and its commercialization. For example, we explore the ways in which recent Supreme Court patent cases and the recent House and Senate bills on so-called patent reform all inject a greater degree of administrative discretion and flexibility into the patent system. A problem with these changes is that flexibility of this type suffers a fatal Achilles Heel because it leaves the intellectual property system particularly exposed to the powerful influence of lobbyists and regulatory capture. In so doing, it can convert our intellectual property system, which was designed to promote competition and innovation, into one that stifles both.
Selected works on Intellectual Property and Innovation:
Articles Order Public and Morality Issues in Patent Eligibility, in Common & Civil Law Traditions in Intellectual Property (Toshiko Takenaka ed., Edward Elgar Publishing forthcoming 2012), Joseph Straus. Patents, Utility Models, Plant Variety Protection and European Law, in Max Planck Encyclopedia of European Private Law (Jurgen Basedow et al. eds., 2012), Joseph Straus. The FTC, IP, and SSOs: Government Hold-up Replacing Private Coordination, 8 J.C.L. & Econ. 1 (2012), Richard A. Epstein, F. Scott Kieff, and Daniel F. Spulber. Patently Bad Policy, Defining Ideas Nov. 16, 2011, F. Scott Kieff. File First, Invent Later?, Defining Ideas June 13, 2011, F. Scott Kieff. Patent Reform Goes Haywire, Defining Ideas June 10, 2011, F. Scott Kieff. Welcome to Patent Purgatory, Defining Ideas June 9, 2011, F. Scott Kieff. The Perils of Patent Reform, Defining Ideas June 7, 2011, F. Scott Kieff. The Patent Process Run Amok, Defining Ideas Feb 1, 2011, F. Scott Kieff. Property, Regulatory Policy, or Hybrid? The Elusive Status of Intellectual Property, Perspectives from Free State Foundation Scholars, Jan. 2011, Richard A. Epstein. Veröffentlichte Euro-PCT-Anmeldung als fiktiver Stand der Technik nach Art. 54 (3) EPÜ und die Vernichtung von Amtsakten im Europäischen Patentamt, in Festschrift für Michael Loschelder, 353 (Willi Erdmann et al. eds., 2010), Joseph Straus. Patent Injunctions and Repeat Offenders, Financial Times, November 11, 2010, Richard Epstein. Zur Patentierung humaner embryonaler Stammzellen in Europa - Verwendet die Stammzellforschung menschliche Embryonen für industrielle oder kommerzielle Zwecke?, 2010 GRUR Int. 911, Joseph Straus. Questioning the Frequency and Wisdom of Compulsory Licensing for Pharmaceutical Patents, University of Chicago Law & Economics Olin Working Paper No. 527, Richard A. Epstein and F. Scott Kieff. The Impact of the New World Order on Economic Development: The Role of the Intellectual Property Rights System, in Anuario Andino de Derechos Intelectuales No. 6, 59 (Baldo Kresalja Roselló ed., 2010), Joseph Straus. Patent Application: Obstacle for Innovation and Abuse of Dominant Position under Article 102 TFEU?, J. Eur. Competition L. & Prac. (2010), Joseph Straus. Innovation and the Limits of Antitrust, 6 Journal of Competition Law & Economics 153 (2010). Geoffrey A. Manne and Joshua D. Wright. The Disintegration of Intellectual Property? A Classical Liberal Response to a Premature Obituary, 62 Stanford. L. Rev. 455 (2010), Richard A. Epstein. The Role of Digital Rights Management (DRM) Technology in Contemporary Copyright, in International Forum on the Centennial of Chinese Copyright Legislation (Thesis Compilation), 728 (Renmin University of China ed., 2010), Joseph Straus. Yinhang shichang weiji xia de shangyebanfa baohu he qita zhuanlifa wenti ("The Issues of Patent Law for the Protection of Business Methods in the Environment of Current Finance Crises"), in Research on Patent Law, 114 (Department of Treaty and Law, State Intellectual Property Office of People's Republic of China ed., 2009), Joseph Straus. Will the Supreme Court Stem the Antipatent Tide?, Financial Times, July 30, 2009, Richard Epstein. The Case for Preferring Patent-Validity Litigation Over Second-Window Review and Gold-Plated Patents: When One Size Doesn't Fit All, How Could Two Do the Trick? (May 2009). Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 373, F. Scott Kieff. On the Economics of Patent Law and Policy, in Patent Law and Theory: A Handbook of Contemporary Research (Toshiko Takenaka ed., 2009), F. Scott Kieff. Does Equity Pass the Laugh Test?: A Response to Oliar and Sprigman, 95 Va. L. Rev. in Brief 9 (2009), Henry E. Smith. It's Your Turn, But It's My Move: Intellectual Property Protection for Sports "Moves", 25 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech L.J. 765 (2009), F. Scott Kieff, Robert G. Kramer, and Robert M. Kunstadt. The Unraveling of Patents in the US, Financial Times, Mar. 31, 2009, Richard Epstein. The Treatment Of Know-How In International R&D Cooperation: The United States of America, in The Treatment of Know How in International R&D Cooperation (Umgang mit Know-how in internationalen F&E-Kooperationen), edited by Peter Ganea and Nina Klunker for the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology, the Machine Tool Laboratory of the Technical University of Aachen and the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center under the German Ministry of Research and Education's project Igniting Ideas, F. Scott Kieff. Federalism, Substantive Preemption, and Limits on Antitrust: An Application to Patent Holdup, Journal of Competition Law and Economics (forthcoming), Bruce H. Kobayashi and Joshua D. Wright. Why the Supreme Court was Correct to Deny Certiorari in FTC v. Rambus, George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 09-14, Joshua D. Wright. Der Schutz von Geschäftsmethoden und andere patentrechtliche Fragestellungen im Lichte der aktuellen Finanzmarktkrise in Festschrift für Peter Mes zum 65. Geburtstag, (Michael Bergermann et al. eds., C.H. Beck) (2009), Joseph Straus. Europäisches Patent – Gemeinschaftspatent, Gebrauchsmusterrecht, Patentrecht, and Sortenschutz in Handwörterbuch des europäischen Privatrechts (Jürgen Basedow et al. eds., Mohr Siebeck) (2009), Joseph Straus. Gebietsbeschränkte Übertragung von Patenten und Patentportfolios und Erschöpfung des Patentrechts in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft in Schutz von Kreativität und Wettbewerb, Festschrift für Ullrich Loewenheim zum 75. Geburtstag (Reto Hilty et al. eds., C.H. Beck) (2009), Joseph Straus. Is the Patent System Fit to meet the needs of the "Triple Helix" Alliance? in 20 Jahre Europäische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste, (Maria Eder ed., VDG Verlag) (2009), Joseph Straus. Patentanmeldung als Missbrauch der marktbeherrschenden Stellung nach Artikel 82 EGV?, 58 Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Internationaler Teil 93 (2009), Joseph Straus. Priority Right, 35 U.S.C. § 102(d) Bar and the TRIPS Obligations of the USA: A Last Chance to Analyze the Issue, 91 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y 375 (2009), Joseph Straus. Zur Rolle klinischer Versuche beim Zustandekommen von sog. Auswahlerfindungen in Patentrecht - Festschrift für Thomas Reimann zum 65. Geburtstag (Christian Osterrieth et al. eds., Carl Heymanns) (2009), Joseph Straus. Quanta v. LG Electronics: Frustrating Patent Deals by Taking Contracting Options off the Table?, 2007/2008 Cato Sup. Ct. Rev 315 (2008), F. Scott Kieff. Breaking the Patent Logjam, Financial Times, Aug. 28, 2008, Richard Epstein. On the Economics of Patent Law and Policy, in Patent Law and Theory: A Handbook of Contemporary Research (Toshiko Takenaka ed., 2008), F. Scott Kieff. How to Break the Deadlock Preventing a Fair and Rational Use of Biodiversity, 11 J. of World Intellectual Property 229 (2008), Joseph Straus. On Coordinating Transactions in Intellectual Property: A Response to Smith’s Delineating Entitlements in Information, 117 Yale Law Journal Pocket Part 101 (2007), F. Scott Kieff. Engineering a Deal: Toward a Private Ordering Solution to the Anticommons Problem, 47 Boston College Law Review 111 (2006), F. Scott Kieff and Troy A. Paredes. Missed Opportunities in Independent Ink, 2006 Cato Sup. Ct. Rev. 333 (2006), Joshua D. Wright Evidence and Anecdotes: An Analysis of Human Gene Patenting Controversies, 24 Nature Biotechnology 1091 (2006), Timothy Caulfield, Robert M. Cook-Deegan, F. Scott Kieff, & John P. Walsh. Coordination, Property & Intellectual Property: An Unconventional Approach to Anticompetitive Effects & Downstream Access,56 Emory Law Journal 327 (2006). F Scott Kieff. IP Transactions: On the Theory & Practice of Commercializing Innovation, 42 Houston Law Review 727 (2005), F. Scott Kieff. The Case against Copyright: A Comparative Institutional Analysis of Intellectual Property Regimes, Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 297; Washington University School of Law Working Paper No. 04-10-01, F. Scott Kieff. The Basics Matter: At the Periphery of Intellectual Property, 73 George Washington Law Review 174 (2004), F. Scott Kieff and Troy A. Paredes. Also published in Developments in the Economics of Copyright: Research and Analysis (Lisa N. Takeyama et al. eds., Edward Elgar) (2005). An Approach to Intellectual Property, Bankruptcy, and Corporate Control, 82 Washington University Law Quarterly 1313 (2004), F. Scott Kieff and Troy A. Paredes. Contrived Conflicts: The Supreme Court vs. The Basics of Intellectual Property Law, 30 William Mitchell Law Review 1717 (2004), F. Scott Kieff. The Case for Registering Patents and the Law and Economics of Present Patent-Obtaining Rules, 45 Boston College Law Review 55 (2003), F. Scott Kieff. Patents for Environmentalists, 9 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 307 (2002), F. Scott Kieff (Invited symposium piece for National Association of Environmental Law Societies annual meeting, March 15-17, 2002 at Washington University School of Law). Property Rights and Property Rules for Commercializing Inventions, 85 Minnesota Law Review 697 (2001), F. Scott Kieff. Facilitating Scientific Research: Intellectual Property Rights and the Norms of Science - A Response to Rai & Eisenberg, 95 Northwesteren University Law Review 691 (2001), F. Scott Kieff.
Books Europäisches Patentübereinkommen - Münchner Gemeinschaftskommentar (Joseph Straus et al. eds., Carl Haymanns Verlag 2012). Perspectives on Commercializing Innovation (F. Scott Kieff and Troy A. Paredes eds., Cambridge University Press 2011). Leading Court Cases on European Intellectual Property (Joseph Straus & Peter Meier-Beck eds., 2011). Principles of Patent Law (Foundation Press 5th ed. 2011), F. Scott Kieff, Pauline Newman, Herbert F. Schwartz, Henry Smith. Regulating Innovation: Competition Policy and Patent Law Under Uncertainty, Cambridge University Press (forthcoming 2010) (Geoffrey A. Manne and Joshua D. Wright, eds.). Forward in Patentschutz und Stammzellforschung – Internationale und rechtsvergleichende Aspekte (Joseph Straus, Peter Ganea, and Yu-Cheol Shin eds., Springer) (2009), Joseph Straus. Introduction in Intellectual Property in Asia, Law, Economics, History and Politics, (Paul Goldstein and Joseph Straus eds., Springer) (2009), Paul Goldstein and Joseph Straus. Opening Address in The Role of Law and Ethics in the Globalized Economy (Joseph Straus ed., Springer) (2009), Joseph Straus. International, United States, and European Intellectual Property: Selected Source Material, (F. Scott Kieff and Ralph Nack eds., Aspen/Wolters Kluwer 2006). Principles of Patent Law (Foundation Press 3rd ed. 2004, 2d ed. 2001, 1st ed. 1998), Donald S. Chisum, Craig A. Nard, Herbert F. Schwartz, U.S. Circuit Judge Pauline Newman, and F. Scott Kieff. 4th ed. forthcoming in 2008. Perspectives on Properties of the Human Genome Project, (F. Scott Kieff ed., Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier 2003). F. Scott Kieff authored four chapters, including “Perusing Property Rights In DNA” and “How Ordinary Judges and Juries Decide the Seemingly Complex Technological Questions of Patentability over the Prior Art."
Media Appearances
Other Media Content Federalist Society podcast, "Patent Rights: A Spark or Hindrance for the Economy?", October 24, 2012. Quanta: Patent Rights in the Supreme Court, a discussion between Richard A. Epstein, F. Scott Kieff, Fred von Lohmann, and Mark Lemley, moderated by Adam Mossoff. Produced by the Federalist Society's Intellectual Property Practice Group, September 30, 2009.
Other Publications Patents are not the enemy, Opinion, Chicago Tribune, August 15, 2012, Rod Cooper, Richard A. Epstein, and Stephen H. Haber. The FTC's Proposal for Regulating IP through SSOs Would Replace Private Coordination with Government Hold-Up, Submitted in Response to the FTC’s Request for Comments and Announcement of Workshop on Standard--Setting Issues, Project No. P111204, Aug. 5, 2011. Richard A. Epstein, F. Scott Kieff, and Daniel F. Spulber. The Importance of Finality in Patent Litigation, Opinion, The National Law Journal, December 6, 2010, F. Scott Kieff. Amicus brief filed in the UK Supreme Court case Eli Lilly v. Human Genome Sciences regarding the meaning of industrial application under Art. 57 EPC, March 19, 2010, Joseph Straus. Comment on Intellectual Property, Concentration and the Limits of Antitrust in the Biotech Seed Industry, filed with the Department of Justice Antitrust Division on December 31, 2009, as "Comments Regarding Agriculture and Antitrust Enforcement Issues in Our 21st Century Economy" in response to the DOJ/USDA request for public comments for the agencies' joint workshops on antitrust issues in the agricultural sector. F. Scott Kieff, Geoffrey A. Manne, Michael E. Sykuta, Joshua D. Wright. Declaration of Joseph Straus in Association for Molecular Pathology et al. v. United States Patent and Trademark Office et al., No. 09-173 Civ. 4515 (S.D.N.Y. filed Dec. 23, 2009). Brief of Dr. Ananda Chakrabarty as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitoners in Bilski v. Doll, Supreme Court of the United States, No. 08-964 (Aug. 6, 2009). Richard A. Epstein and F. Scott Kieff. Let the Markets Manage Search, Commentary, Forbes.com, July 30, 2009, F. Scott Kieff. Amicus brief filed in European Patent Office Case No. G3/08 regarding the patentability of computer programs, April 27, 2009, Joseph Straus. Congress—Let U.S. patent law 'marinate' before taking action, Opinion, Great Falls Tribune, March 31, 2009, F. Scott Kieff and Kevin Rivette. Should the music stop for iTunes?, IP Law & Business, July 2008, at 27, F. Scott Kieff. Brief of Various Law Professors as Amici Curiae in Support of the Respondents in Quanta v. LG, Supreme Court of the United States, No. 06-937 (Dec. 10, 2007). F. Scott Kieff, Troy A. Paredes, and R. Polk Wagner. Perils of Patent Reform: Flexibility's Achilles Heel, 13 IP Litigator 11 (Sept./Oct. 2007). F. Scott Kieff. Smart Pills, IP Law & Business, Oct. 2006, at 36, F. Scott Kieff. Alternative version published as The Importance of Patents, Op/Ed., National Law Journal, Aug. 14, 2006. Patent Reform Legislation: No Final Cut for Examiners, National Law Journal, May 14, 2007, Stephen H. Haber, F. Scott Kieff, and Troy A. Paredes. Flexible Patent Law … and Its Achilles Heel, Letter to the Editor, Wall Street Journal, May 11, 2007, at A9, Richard A. Epstein and F. Scott Kieff. A Keiretsu Approach to Patents, Intellectual Asset Management, Feb./Mar. 2007, at 51, F. Scott Kieff. Brief of Business & Law Professors as Amici Curiae in Support of the Respondents in KSR v. Teleflex, Supreme Court of the United States, No. 04-1350 (Oct. 16, 2006). F. Scott Kieff, Chris Catropia, Gregory Mandel, Mark Lemley, and R. Polk Wagner. Testing Patent Protections, Op/ed, Washington Times, May 30, 2006, at A14. F. Scott Kieff and R. Polk Wagner. Brief of Various Law & Economics Professors as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent, eBay v. MercExchange, Supreme Court of the United States, No. 05-130 (Mar. 10, 2006). Richard Epstein, R. Polk Wagner, F. Scott Kieff, and David Teece. Patent Law, Injunctions and the Public Interest, Letter to the Editor, Wall Street Journal, March 10, 2006, at A19. Richard E. Epstein, F. Scott Kieff, and R. Polk Wagner. Public Choice, Patents, and the FTC: Comments on the Commission’s October 2003 Report on the Interface Between Patents and Antitrust, 5 Engage 84 (2004), F. Scott Kieff.
Presentations Intellectual Property and Parallel Importation—Should the U.S., Through IP Laws and Other Means, Protect Businesses from “Gray Goods” Imported Without Manufacturers’ Authorization?, panel discussion featuring F. Scott Kieff, hosted by the Federalist Society Intellectual Property Practice Group on November 10, 2011, during the 2011 National Lawyers Convention. Panel transcript from the Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law. Joseph Straus presented the 2010 Rudolf Diesel Medal for Best Innovation Promotion to the European Patent Academy. "Munich: The City of IP and Innovation, from a Global Perspective," speech given by Joseph Straus at the Shanghai IP Forum on November 26, 2010. The Co-Existence of Plant Breeders’ Rights and Patents – Possible Solutions, presented at CIOPARA Plant Breeders' Rights Conference in Seville, Spain on March 3, 2010 by Joseph Straus. Patent Application as an Abuse of Dominant Market Position under Article 82 EC Treaty? presented at the Slovenian Intellectual Property Office in Ljubljana on January 14, 2010 by Joseph Straus. Some Tangible and Troubling Characteristics of Heightened Patent Eligibility Standards, presented by F. Scott Kieff on January 4th, 2010 at the Sanford T. Colb & Co. Intellectual Property Law Conference on The Future of Subject Matter Eligibility After In re Bilski held at Bar-Ilan University. Patent (Re)Think?, CLE Presentation given by F. Scott Kieff on September 22, 2009. Targeting NPEs: Perverse Impacts on Innovation and Competition. Talk given January 30, 2009 by F. Scott Kieff at the Santa Clara Computer & High Technology Law Journal Symposium on Shifting Strategies in Patent Law. Presentation Slides. Question & Answer Video. Property rights in patent law. Presentation by F. Scott Kieff given at St. Louis University School of Law November, 2008. Property Rights in Intellectual Property: Impacts on Innovation and Competition, presented by F. Scott Kieff on September 22nd, 2008 at the Meeting of the Gathering 1.0 in Palo Alto. F. Scott Kieff, Presentation, "Protecting Software-Related Inventions in the United States: Evolution by the Courts" at AIPPI in Boston (Sept. 10, 2008) New Institutional Economics and Recent Institutional Changes in Intellectual Property, presented July 25, 2008 at the University of Washington School of Law Center for Advanced Study and Research on Intellectual Property's High Technology Protection Summit. Symposium on The New Ordering of Intellectual Property: The Emergence of Contracts as the Drivers of Intellectual Property Rights at the University of Maryland School of Law on 18 April 2008. Transcripts of panel presentation and discussions. On the Importance of Property Rights in Intangibles like IP to Access, Competition, and Economic Development by F. Scott Kieff, presented to seminars Melbourne and Sydney and a conference in Singapore in Feb-Mar 2008. Perils of Patent Reform: Flexibility’s Achilles Heel at PFF Aspen Summit in August 2007. F. Scott Kieff. Presentation before the National Press Club by F. Scott Kieff given in Washington, D.C. on July 10, 2007. Part of a series on "Who Owns Your Genes?" Engineering a Deal: A Private Ordering Solution to the Anticommons Problem (Spring 2006 version). F. Scott Kieff and Troy A. Paredes.
Shorter Works
Talks "A Debate About the Patent System", given at PatCon 3 at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law on April 12, 2013 with Judge Richard Posner and Richard A. Epstein. The Case for Preferring Patent Validity Litigation over Second Window Review and Gold Plate Patents, talk given at the University of Pennsylvania Law Review Foundations of Intellectual Property Reform Symposium, January 16, 2009. F. Scott Kieff. Understanding Patent Quality Mechanisms, talk given at the University of Pennsylvania Law Review Foundations of Intellectual Property Reform Symposium, January 16, 2009. R. Polk Wagner.
Testimony
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News
On September 10, 2012, President Barack Obama announced his intent to nominate F. Scott Kieff as a Member of the United States International Trade Commission and Joshua D. Wright as a Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission. On September 11, 2012, President Obama formally nominated Kieff and Wright; and the Senate confirmed Wright on January 1, 2013. Of the twelve people who have been members of our Project's research team, three have been nominated by a United States President to serve as a member of one of the independent government commisions focusing on the economy. In 2008, Troy A. Paredes, one of the Project's three founding investigators, was nominated by President George W. Bush as a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission, a post in which he presently serves. On January 3, 2013, Kieff's nomination, along with the others pending at the end of the Senate's term, were Returned to the President under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate. On February 4, 2013, Kieff was re-nominated by President Obama.
On April 12, 2013 Richard A. Epstein debated the patent system with Seventh Circuit Judge Richard Posner at PatCon 3. Professor Epstein and Judge Posner were both featured speakers at the event, and the debate was covered at Patently-O and Written Description.
On October 24, 2012, Richard A. Epstein participated in a Federalist Society podcast on the topic "Patent Rights: A Spark or Hindrance for the Economy?"
Stephen H. Haber and Aldo Musacchio were awarded the 2012 Manuel Espinosa Yglesias Prize for their paper, "These are the 'Good Old Days': Foreign Entry and the Mexican Banking System." The juried prize was awarded by the Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias (CEEY) and includes both a monetary award and publication of the paper by the CEEY.
" Patents are not the enemy", an article by Rod Cooper, Richard A. Epstein, and Stephen H. Haber, was published in the Chicago Tribune on August 15, 2012. (Free registration may be required to view the article online.)
Defining Ideas has published Patently Bad Policy, an essay by F. Scott Kieff on two upcoming Supreme Court patent cases, Hyatt v. Kappos and Mayo v. Prometheus.
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